{"id":1774,"date":"2010-04-09T15:21:24","date_gmt":"2010-04-09T23:21:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/?p=1774"},"modified":"2017-05-28T15:27:19","modified_gmt":"2017-05-28T23:27:19","slug":"rwanda-genocide-a-simplified-account","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/1774\/rwanda-genocide-a-simplified-account\/","title":{"rendered":"Rwanda Genocide: A Simplified Account"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_1775\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1775\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1775  \" title=\"genocide-museum-victims-wall. Photo by Brad McCartney.\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/plugins\/2010\/04\/genocide-museum-victims-wall.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/plugins\/2010\/04\/genocide-museum-victims-wall.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/plugins\/2010\/04\/genocide-museum-victims-wall-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1775\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"> Genocide Museum Victims Wall, Kilgali, Rwanda. Photo by Brad McCartney.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>By <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/author\/rstone\/\">Ralph E. Stone<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>April 9, 2010<\/p>\n<p>In 2004, my wife and I traveled to Rwanda, primarily to visit the mountain gorillas in <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volcanoes_National_Park\">Volcanoes National Park<\/a>.  While there, we visited the Kigali Memorial Centre (the Genocide Museum).  After we returned home, I put together a simplified report on the events leading up to the Genocide, the Genocide, and the aftermath.  This account is based on what we saw and read at the Genocide Museum and <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shake_Hands_with_the_Devil_%28book%29\">General Romeo Dallaire&#8217;s book<\/a>, &#8220;Shaking Hands With the Devil.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Rwanda is made up of Hutus, the majority, and Tutsis, the minority.  Tutsis tend to be a little taller and fairer skinned, although this distinction is debatable.  Hutus and Tutsis speak the same language, lived side-by-side, worked together and intermarried.  At the end of World War II, under a United Nations&#8217; mandate, Rwanda became a Belgium trusteeship.  Belgium turned the trusteeship into a Belgium colony.  The Belgiums favored the Tutsis, giving them the important positions.  Predictably, this caused much resentment among the Hutus and the seeds of hate were sown.<\/p>\n<p><!--more-->After independence, the Hutus came to power and persecution of the Tutsi minority began, resulting in civil war.  The Hutu government contracted with the French government to train its troops and to supply arms.  After years of fighting, a peace accord was signed in Tanzania between the Hutu government and the Tutsi rebels.  The plane carrying Rwanda&#8217;s President  Juv\u00e9nal Habyarimana and Burundi President Cyprien Ntaryamira <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/2010\/04\/rwanda-genocide-honoring-the-dead-without-honoring-the-lies\/\">was shot down<\/a> on its way back from Tanzania.  Conventional wisdom at the time concluded that the plane&#8217;s downing resulted in a Tutsi-hating, hard-line, fragmented Hutu leadership.<\/p>\n<p>But who ordered the downing of the plane carrying President Habyarimana?  Many <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/2010\/04\/rwanda-genocide-honoring-the-dead-without-honoring-the-lies\/\">point to Paul Kagame<\/a>, now President of Rwanda and the leader of the Rwandan Patriotic Forces (RPF).  There are also other unanswered questions concerning what role, if any, he played in the years leading up to the Genocide.  Now it seems clear that the Genocide probably was pre-planned years in advance, not some spontaneous eruption.  But by whom?  Again, many point to Kagame.<\/p>\n<p>Kagame vigorously opposed the introduction of UN peacekeeping forces to monitor the peace agreement entered into in Tanzania.  But the UN appointed Romeo Dallaire, a Canadian general, to head a small peacekeeping force.  The force was underfunded and under-equipped.  The UN force had strict orders not to use any arms except for self-defense.  In January 1994, General Dallaire learned from a reliable informant that a Hutu group was compiling a list of Tutsis to be killed, named the Hutus compiling the list, and provided the location of arms caches.  Dallaire pleaded with the UN to supply him with a few more troops, give him authority to seize the arms caches, and to permit him to use force if necessary.  The UN and key Security Council members, notably the United States (then U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright), Belgium and France, refused permission.  The Clinton administration took the lead in opposing any international action.<\/p>\n<p>Kagame&#8217;s RPF ultimately prevailed, but not until about 1 million Rwandans were murdered over a three-month period.  The RPF forces were experienced and better trained than the mobs rampaging the countryside and some argue that Kagame could have, but did not, take control of Kilgali, the capitol, much earlier than he did.\u00a0  If he had, thousands of lives could have been saved.  Why did he wait?  Kagame&#8217;s game seemed to be total control of Rwanda.  He ultimately succeeded.<\/p>\n<p>Presently, a number of the perpetrators of the Genocide are on trial before a UN tribunal in Arusha, Tanzania, and at least three have been convicted.  Lower level perpetrators were sent back to their villages to be dealt with by the village elders, a truth and reconciliation system, modeled after the South African example.<\/p>\n<p>Many armed Hutu rebels are still active in the Congo and Rwanda has invaded the Congo on numerous occasions to engage these rebels.<\/p>\n<p>The UN, France, Belgium and the US have much to answer for.  Kofi Annan, UN Secretary-General at the time, former President Clinton and the Belgium ambasador to Rwanda, have apologized for not doing more to prevent the Genocide.  In February 2010, French President President Nicolas Sarkozy admitted Rwanda genocide &#8220;mistakes,&#8221; but did not apologize.  The French had assisted many of the Genocide perpetrators to escape and, reportedly, some are still residing in France.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, Rwanda had the misfortune of having no strategic value to the West and no valuable resources.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Belgiums favored the Tutsis, giving them the important positions. Predictably, this caused much resentment among the Hutus and the seeds of hate were sown.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1230,"featured_media":1775,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","category-politics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rwanda Genocide: A Simplified Account - Fog City Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/1774\/rwanda-genocide-a-simplified-account\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rwanda Genocide: A Simplified Account - Fog City Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Belgiums favored the Tutsis, giving them the important positions. Predictably, this caused much resentment among the Hutus and the seeds of hate were sown.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/1774\/rwanda-genocide-a-simplified-account\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fog City Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fogcityjournal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-04-09T23:21:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-05-28T23:27:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/plugins\/2010\/04\/genocide-museum-victims-wall.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"334\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ralph E. 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