{"id":3258,"date":"2011-12-16T10:10:27","date_gmt":"2011-12-16T18:10:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/?p=3258"},"modified":"2022-09-15T17:37:28","modified_gmt":"2022-09-16T01:37:28","slug":"is-water-fluoridation-safe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/3258\/is-water-fluoridation-safe\/","title":{"rendered":"Is Water Fluoridation Safe?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

By Ralph E. Stone<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Editor’s Note: Water fluoridation is a controversial topic.\u00a0 While it is believed small amounts of fluoride added to public water systems may reduce tooth decay, fluoride is a toxin and has been linked to<\/a> “cot death, eczema and Alzheimer’s. It has been shown, at low doses, to cause genetic damage.”<\/em><\/p>\n

December 16, 2011<\/p>\n

Fluoride is the name given to a group of compounds\u00a0that are composed of the naturally occurring element, fluorine, and one or more other elements. \u00a0In the early 1940s, scientists discovered that people who lived where drinking water supplies had naturally occurring fluoride levels of approximately 1.0\u00a0\u00a0part fluoride, per million parts water (ppm), had fewer dental caries (cavities).\u00a0 More recent studies have supported this finding.<\/p>\n

Fluoride can prevent and even reverse tooth decay by enhancing remineralization, the process by which fluoride \u201crebuilds\u201d tooth enamel that is beginning to decay. \u00a0\u00a0In 1945, Grand Rapids, Michigan, adjusted the fluoride content of its water supply to\u00a01 ppm\u00a0and thus became the first city to implement community water fluoridation in a public water system.<\/p>\n

On January 7, 2011, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency (HHS) announced a proposal recommending that water systems practicing fluoridation adjust their fluoride content<\/a> to 0.7 mg\/L ppm, as opposed to the previous temperature-dependent optimal levels ranging from 0.7 mg\/L to 1.2 mg\/L.<\/p>\n

About 70 percent of community water systems in the U.S. are treated with fluoride. \u00a0Water fluoridation is used in varying degrees in some countries, including Australia, Brazil, some parts of Canada, Chile, Ireland, Malaysia, and Vietnam, but Continental Europe largely does not fluoridate water. \u00a0Some countries fluoridate salt.<\/p>\n

In California only about 30 percent of water systems are fluoridated, partly because of the high cost of fluoridating its highly complicated water systems. \u00a0The California Department of Public Health provides a “California Statewide Fluoridation Table”\u00a0\u00a0 showing the California water systems with fluoride. \u00a0A state law passed in 1995, mandated that if the money for equipment and initial maintenance costs are provided by provided by sources other than the utility or its customers, water companies must build fluoridation systems. \u00a0California has identified and prioritizes 150 cities for fluoridation but never funded the program.<\/p>\n

Fluoride is naturally found in low concentration in drinking water and food and the ocean\u00a0contains between 1.2 and 1.5 ppm. \u00a0Fluoridated toothpaste is another main source of fluoride. \u00a0Other fluoride-containing dental products include gels, varnishes, pastes, and restorative materials.\u00a0The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) regulates toothpastes and other dental products but not fluoride in our water systems. \u00a0Efforts have been made to get Congress to allow the FDA to regulate water additives, but such efforts have failed so far.<\/p>\n

The American Dental Association, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American Medical Association, the U.S.\u00a0<\/span>Surgeon General, and the World Health Organization all support fluoridation. \u00a0The\u00a0CDC calls water fluoridation<\/a> one of 10 great public health achievements of the 20th century.\u00a0 If fluoride is beneficial to health, then why is water fluoridation so controversial?<\/p>\n

Below are some “Myths & Facts<\/a>: \u00a0Possible responses to common anti-fluoride claims.”<\/p>\n

* Opponents argue that fluoridation is a violation of the individual’s right to informed consent to medication. \u00a0Actually fluoride is not a medication. \u00a0It is mineral naturally found in water and foods. \u00a0The only question is what level of fluoridation should be added to the water supply.<\/p>\n

* We already can get fluoride in toothpaste, so why do we need it in our drinking water? \u00a0The\u00a0CDC reviewed this question in January 2011. After looking at all the ways we might get fluoride \u2013 including fluoride toothpaste \u2013 the CDC recommended continuing to fluoridate water at 0.7 ppm. Any less puts our teeth at risk. \u00a0Fluoride toothpaste alone is insufficient, which is why pediatricians and dentists prescribe fluoride tablets to children in non-fluoridated areas.<\/p>\n

* Doesn’t fluoridation cause fluorosis causing teeth to turn brown and pitted? \u00a0Fluorosis\u00a0is never caused by community water fluoridation because the concentrations are too low. \u00a0Mild fluorosis \u2013 barely noticeable tiny white specs on one\u2019s teeth \u2013 is more common, the result of higher-than-normal fluoride intake as a child. This condition, often noticeable only to dentists, is actually an indication of exceptionally strong teeth. Nevertheless, the CDC last year set the recommended level of fluoridation \u2013 0.7 ppm \u2013 low enough to avoid even moderate fluorosis while still strengthening teeth.<\/p>\n

* Isn’t fluoride especially toxic for small children? \u00a0Actually, children who drink fluoridated water as their teeth grow will have stronger, more decay resistant teeth over their lifetime.<\/p>\n

* Is tooth decay still a problem in the United States? \u00a0Tooth decay affects nearly 60 percent of children. Tooth decay causes problems that often last long into adulthood. \u00a0For example,\u00a0California children missed 874,000 school days in 2007 due to dental problems.<\/p>\n

* Does fluoridation cause cancer and other serious health problems? \u00a0The National Cancer Institute has stated: \u201cMany studies, in both humans and animals, have shown no association between fluoridated water and risk for cancer.\u201d In 2006, a panel of the National Research Council\u2014an arm of the National Academies of Science\u2014found no convincing evidence of a causal link between fluoridation and cancer. \u00a0And according to the American Council on Science and Health, \u201cHistorically, anti-fluoride activists have claimed, with no evidence, that fluoridation causes everything from cancer to mental disease.\u201d<\/p>\n

Is community water fluoridation too costly? \u00a0No, according to the California Department of Health, the annual cost to fluoridate a community averages $.51 per person per year, depending on community size, labor costs, and type of chemicals and equipment used.\u00a0This figure amounts to less than the cost of one filling.<\/p>\n

Fluoridation has been found to be safe by scientists and ruled proper by a California Court of Appeal in\u00a0Hermine Beck v. City Council of Beverly Hills<\/a><\/em>, which ruled in a landmark 1973 decision that adding fluoride to water supplies is “a reasonable and proper exercise of the police power in the interest of public health.” \u00a0 However, even though scientists declared fluoride safe and effective, and the courts have ruled that adding fluoride to water systems is legal, fluoridation continues to be controversial.\u00a0 For example, see the Fluoride Action Network website.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fluoride can prevent and even reverse tooth decay by enhancing remineralization, the process by which fluoride \u201crebuilds\u201d tooth enamel that is beginning to decay. In 1945, Grand Rapids, Michigan, adjusted the fluoride content of its water supply to 1 ppm and thus became the first city to implement community water fluoridation in a public water system.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1230,"featured_media":3260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[1108,1107],"class_list":["post-3258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-fluoridation","tag-fluoride"],"yoast_head":"\nIs Water Fluoridation Safe? - Fog City Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/3258\/is-water-fluoridation-safe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Is Water Fluoridation Safe? - Fog City Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Fluoride can prevent and even reverse tooth decay by enhancing remineralization, the process by which fluoride \u201crebuilds\u201d tooth enamel that is beginning to decay. 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