{"id":3303,"date":"2012-01-12T13:06:20","date_gmt":"2012-01-12T21:06:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/?p=3303"},"modified":"2017-11-24T17:29:30","modified_gmt":"2017-11-25T01:29:30","slug":"occupy-groups-move-to-end-corporate-personhood-restore-us-democracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/3303\/occupy-groups-move-to-end-corporate-personhood-restore-us-democracy\/","title":{"rendered":"Occupy Groups Move to End Corporate Personhood, Restore US Democracy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

By Ralph E. Stone<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

January 12, 2012<\/p>\n

January 21st marks the second anniversary of the infamous January 21, 2010\u00a0Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission<\/em><\/a>\u00a0case, where the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment prohibits government from placing\u00a0limits on independent spending for political purposes by corporations and unions. \u00a0In other words, money equals speech. \u00a0Move to Amend is planning occupations and rallies on January 20th to protest this Supreme Court decision.<\/p>\n

What underlies the\u00a0Citizens United<\/em>\u00a0decision is the assumption that corporations are natural persons within the meaning of Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment<\/a> of the Constitution and therefore, have First Amendment rights. \u00a0Corporate personhood dates back to\u00a0the controversial 1886 Supreme Court decision in\u00a0Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0 Although the Supreme Court supposedly did not make a direct ruling on the question of\u00a0 “corporate personhood,” the misleading notes of a clerk finding corporate personhood were incorporated in the Court’s decision. \u00a0Whether this is myth or reality doesn’t matter at this point. \u00a0This result was a Supreme Court precedent finding that a corporation is a “natural person.”<\/p>\n

Since then, the corporate personhood legal concept has been codified: “In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, unless the context indicates otherwise– the words ‘person’ and ‘whoever’ include corporations, companies, associations, firms, partnerships, societies, and joint stock companies, as well as individuals.” \u00a0(1 U.S.C.\u00a0\u00a71)<\/p>\n

Not surprisingly, the influence of super political action committees (super PACs) was expected in the wake of\u00a0Citizens United,\u00a0<\/em>presently in support of GOP primary candidates.\u00a0 Although super PACs cannot coordinate directly with campaigns, many of them are staffed by long-time supporters of the candidates.\u00a0 According to The Center for Public Integrity, through January 1, 2012, super PACs spent $12.9 million<\/a>. \u00a0The next reports for spending are not due until January 31st.<\/p>\n

Consider that super PACs often spend more money in television and radio advertisements than the candidates themselves. \u00a0For example, “Winning Our Future,” the pro-Newt Gingrich super PAC is expected to spend $3.4 million to launch an anti-Mitt Romney film before the South Carolina primary. \u00a0While “Restore Our Future,” the pro-Romney super PAC is expected to spend $2.3 million before the South Carolina primary.<\/p>\n

Clearly, there needs to be more disclosure about super PAC spending. \u00a0However, the Disclosure Act, which would have increased transparency for super PACs and other groups spending money on campaigns, failed in a Republican filibuster in the Senate.<\/p>\n

Some cities and states have defied\u00a0Citizens United<\/em>. In Montana, for example, the state Supreme Court upheld a longstanding law limiting corporate spending in politics.\u00a0 A lower court had held that\u00a0Citizens United<\/em>\u00a0invalidated the state’s Corrupt Practices Act,\u00a0a law passed by citizens’ ballot initiative in 1912, when it was common practice for the copper industry to bribe state politicians. \u00a0On December 30th, the Montana Supreme Court allowed the law to stand in spite of\u00a0Citizens United<\/em>.<\/p>\n

In another case, the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld\u00a0a 2006 New York City law that, among other things, bans lobbyists from giving gifts to City officials and requires them to disclose all fundraising and consulting activities. \u00a0Again, in spite of\u00a0Citizens United<\/em>, the court upheld the City’s right to put limits on political contributions and prevent “pay-to-play” schemes.<\/p>\n

If the Montana or New York cases are appealed, the Supreme Court is likely to reverse these rulings, citing its precedent in\u00a0Citizens United<\/em>.<\/p>\n

In other actions, on January 4, 2012,\u00a0 New York City passed a resolution<\/a> opposing the Citizens United<\/em> decision and supporting a Constitutional amendment abolishing corporate personhood, joining Los Angeles; Boulder; Albany; Oakland; Madison and Dane Counties, Wisconsin; and Missoula, Montana. The resolution\u00a0declares support for an amendment declaring “that corporations are not entitled to the entirety of protections or \u2018rights’ of natural persons, specifically so that the expenditure of corporate money to influence the electoral process is no longer a form of constitutionally protected speech.” \u00a0\u00a0On January 4th, a similar resolution was\u00a0introduced in the California legislature. Hawaii passed a similar resolution last year.<\/p>\n

It won’t be easy to stop big money from undermining our political process, but there is promising action at the state and local level to change the\u00a0Citizens United<\/em>\u00a0decision either through a Constitutional amendment or through a new Supreme Court decision.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What underlies the Citizens United decision is the assumption that corporations are natural persons within the meaning of Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution and therefore, have First Amendment rights. Corporate personhood dates back to the controversial 1886 Supreme Court decision in Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad. Although the Supreme Court supposedly did not make a direct ruling on the question of “corporate personhood,” the misleading notes of a clerk finding corporate personhood were incorporated in the Court’s decision. Whether this is myth or reality doesn’t matter at this point. This result was a Supreme Court precedent finding that a corporation is a “natural person.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1230,"featured_media":3304,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[222,19,17],"tags":[1139,1140,278,1141],"class_list":["post-3303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-opinion","category-politics","tag-citizens-united","tag-corporate-personhood","tag-supreme-court","tag-us-constitution"],"yoast_head":"\nOccupy Groups Move to End Corporate Personhood, Restore US Democracy - Fog City Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fogcityjournal.com\/wordpress\/3303\/occupy-groups-move-to-end-corporate-personhood-restore-us-democracy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Occupy Groups Move to End Corporate Personhood, Restore US Democracy - Fog City Journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What underlies the Citizens United decision is the assumption that corporations are natural persons within the meaning of Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution and therefore, have First Amendment rights. 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